PERMAS-DRA Dynamic Response
The PERMAS-DRA (Dynamic Response Analysis) module allows for the determination of structural responses in the time or frequency domain.
The solution of the dynamic equation is performed either directly using physical coordinates or in modal coordinates after a transformation into the modal space.
- The response in the time domain (transient response) is determined by an integration of
the equation of motion:
- Absolute transient response with or without rigid body response.
- Direct integration of the equation of motion or integration after a transformation to the modal space. Available solvers are Newmark β; and HHT (Hilber-Hughes-Taylor)
- nonlinear spring elements,
- nonlinear damper elements, and
- nonlinear control elements.
- The response in the frequency domain (frequency response) is determined by the solution
of the linear complex equation system for each excitation frequency requested:
- Absolute frequency response with or without rigid body response.
- Direct solution of the equation system or solution after a transformation to the modal space.
- Frequency and rotation speed dependent stiffness and damping can be taken into account with CONTROL6 element
- Without running through the transient phenomenon a calculation of the steady-state response can be performed. To achieve that, a number of frequency response analyses are superposed in the time domain. In addition, a static load case can be taken into account. This is facilitated for all periodic excitations with known harmonic composition.
By specification of a node set the run time and disk space for modal superposition methods can be drastically
reduced when the results are determined for the set members only.
The features below hold for both time-history and frequency response methods:
The following damping features are available:
For calculations in frequency domain, the structural damping may be defined as a function
of frequency, alternatively. Frequency-dependent viscous damping parameters can be specified using a special element
(i.e. CONTROL6 element).
Loads:
Results:
For the drawing of xy-plots, these data may be output as a function of time respectively frequency.
When modal methods are applied additional functions are available:
Static Mode Shapes can be generated in order to enhance the modal basis of dynamic modes. This has the following two advantages:
- In the low frequency range the results will become essentially more accurate.
- They allow to consider non-structural degrees of freedom like the internal state variables of control elements.
The static mode shapes can be specified using one of the following cases:
- Directly by nodal displacements,
- By external loads,
- By results from another analysis,
- By natural loads of specified elements (like spring forces),
- Implicitly by internal degrees of freedom of controller elements.
Additional tools are available for the further processing of modal results:
- For the evaluation of a structural response modal participation factors of the primary results can be derived and exported.
- For the evaluation of the contribution of single degrees of freedom to a structural response node participation factors can be derived and exported.
- For a transient response a statistical evaluation of stresses or element forces over the time domain can be performed, which gives the maximal and effective values. These statistical values can be used in durability considerations, for example.